Purpose: Food security is a critical global challenge that is influenced by research and innovation in the field. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analyze the scientific output of developing countries in food security and examine its relationship with patents and Gross Domestic Product (GDP).Methodology: This applied research utilized the Scientometric approach. A total of 8,416 papers published between 1992-2023 in the field of food security by developing countries were included in the study using citation databases from Clarivate Analytics. Additionally, patent registrations from the WIPO database and GDP data from the World Bank were analyzed. Information was collected through note-taking, and the data was analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient.Findings: The findings reveal an upward trend in the publication and citation of scientific outputs related to food security in developing countries. China has higher numbers of papers, patents, GDP, and food production index compared to Iran, Japan, and South Korea. There is also a positive correlation observed between population and the number of papers, gross production and the number of papers, food production and the number of published papers, as well as the number of patents and papers citing scientific outputs of countries.Conclusion: These results highlight the significant relationship between increasing scientific output, GDP, the number of patents, and food security. Greater emphasis on food security contributes to enhanced scientific output, GDP, and innovation. Similarly, increasing scientific output, GDP, and innovation positively impact food security in countries.Value: This study emphasizes the importance of scientific outputs in driving technological advancements, innovations, and ultimately, ensuring food security in developing countries.

In this paper, we focus on the intuitionistic propositional logic extended with a local operator [22] (also called nucleus [21]); such logic is commonly named lax logic after [9]. We prove that unification is finitary in this logic and supply algorithms for computing a basis of unifiers and for recognizing admissibility of inference rules, following analogous known results for intuitionistic logic.

There exist many sixth-order iterative methods for solving nonlinear scalar equations. The purpose of this work is to bring them together. We develop a scheme for unifying sixth-order iterative methods. Convergence analysis shows that the methods and family of methods, formulated through the scheme are sixth-order convergent. Finally, some computational results are reported to verify the developed theory.

The issue of the reunification of the Korean Peninsula have become more serious in the academic and political circles after the death of North Korea's leader in December 2011. The division of the Korean mainland into Northern and Southern parts since the end of World War II, halted the integrated development of the Korean people and created hostility between the north and south. This has become a large barrier against comprehensive peace in North East Asia and the Korean Peninsula. The current crisis of the Korean Peninsula is rooted in the Cold War and the functions of foreign agents. But after the passage of more than two decades from the Cold War, the Korean crisis still remains in vigor and the reunification talks have not born any fruit. In addition to a short historical review of the Korea division and prospects for the reunification, this paper tries to analyze the positions of great powers on the unification by applying a theoretical approach. The study relying upon the neorealism theory of international relations, shows that influential powers in this region (United States of America, Russia, China, Japan) are seeking to maintain the status quo, because the Korean unification would change the equation of powers in the region resulting that their long-term interests lying in maintaining balance, would be damaged.

Following the enactment No.104089 adopted by Cabinet Ministers of Iran on November 2, 2015 regarding general provisions and the structure of upstream oil and gas contracts model, new Iranian Petroleum Contracts Model (IPC) was presented at Tehran Summit on 28-29 November 2015. Based upon new contract model, the contractor will be in charge of execution of exploration, appraisal, development and production operations over contract area for a period of more than twenty years. As a result, it is possible that a common petroleum field or structure exists between two or more contract areas. In this case, if appropriate legal and contractual mechanisms did not deal with this issue, it would lead to serious physical and economic waste of resources, which could put the national interests in danger. Fortunately, the draftsmen of the IPC were aware of this danger and addressed this issue in the IPC. However, this article shows that the related clauses are subject to numerous ambiguities. By conducting a comparative analysis of legal sources of several countries, this article proposes some solutions in order for the IPC to deal with situations where there is a common petroleum field or structure between two or more contract areas.

The principles of war are based on the rational principles that govern the military aspect of war. The principle of concentration of forces, which is defined as the unification of effective combat capability at the right time and place, will rationally and logically govern the planning and execution of future offensive operations. . The question that this study seeks to answer is: what are the methods and considerations to use the principle of focus and unification the conditions of future war? ' This study, in a descriptive and mixed approach, studied theoretical literature and examined the available backgrounds, collecting the necessary field and library information. In the quantitative area of the Battalion Commanders, and the deputies of the intelligence and operations of the infantry, armored and artillery units of the Army, it formed a statistical population of the research, which is determined by the random sampling method. In the qualitative field, he has also interviewed six scholars and experts who had prominent records in both operational and research dimensions. To answer the research question, the results of the interview were summarized and categorized in the open coding process and in central coding in 10 categories. In each category, the data has been used, and in each case the qualitative and quantitative results have been complementary and complementary to each other. Finally, by combining the proven categories, practical considerations such as the need to change attitudes to the concept of concentration, the need to pay more attention to non-state and superior combat power, focus on time rather than focus on place and other factors have been suggested.

The principles of war are based on the rational principles that govern the military aspect of war. The principle of concentration of forces, which is defined as the unification of effective combat capability at the right time and place, will rationally and logically govern the planning and execution of future offensive operations. . The question that this study seeks to answer is: what are the methods and considerations to use the principle of focus and unification the conditions of future war? ' This study, in a descriptive and mixed approach, studied theoretical literature and examined the available backgrounds, collecting the necessary field and library information. In the quantitative area of the Battalion Commanders, and the deputies of the intelligence and operations of the infantry, armored and artillery units of the Army, it formed a statistical population of the research, which is determined by the random sampling method. In the qualitative field, he has also interviewed six scholars and experts who had prominent records in both operational and research dimensions. To answer the research question, the results of the interview were summarized and categorized in the open coding process and in central coding in 10 categories. In each category, the data has been used, and in each case the qualitative and quantitative results have been complementary and complementary to each other. Finally, by combining the proven categories, practical considerations such as the need to change attitudes to the concept of concentration, the need to pay more attention to non-state and superior combat power, focus on time rather than focus on place and other factors have been suggested.

Many arguments have been raised to support or reject the idea of unification of law in relation to civil liability. Amongst others, it is claimed that it is impossible to establishment binding principles across different countries. However, in relation to some aspects of tort, the need for unification is necessary due to the process of globalization. Within the European Union, arguments for supporting a unified European civil liability law relate to the emergence of the European Union and an increasingly globalized economy. This issue envisaged in the Treaty of the Union, and the harmonization of tort law is the process of creating common standards across the internal market in relation to tort elements. It is a part of the unified Europe project and a reduction in the significance of national borders. Diversities in national laws may create problem of efficacy in the ever more globalized economy. This article analyzes the importance of harmonization of tort law in the EU, and examines barrier to the harmonization. It concludes that even if this process is of crucial importance, the aim is not to achieve it in all aspects of tort law.